Almanac · Meteor showers
Draconids 2027
The Draconids peak on Sat 9 Oct 2027 at 07:18 UTC, when the Earth crosses the thick of the dust from Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner. The Moon will be first quarter, 67% lit.
- Peak Solar longitude 195.4°
- Moon at peak 67% lit First Quarter
- Radiant 17h 28m, +54° 00′ Never rises south of 36°S
- Best rate ZHR 10 About 5.3 an hour at best, from 60°N
Latitude by latitude, the night of 8–9 Oct
The best hour of the night nearest the peak at each latitude: when the radiant gives the most meteors while the sky is dark, how high it stands then, and how many an hour you would count from a suburban sky (Bortle 5) with that hour’s Moon; a dark site shows more. Times are local solar time; north of 36°N the radiant never sets.
| Latitude | Best hour | Radiant | Moon | Meteors an hour |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60°N | 19:31 | 64° up | Up, 63% lit | About 5.3 an hour; a Moon 63% lit drowns the faint ones |
| 45°N | 19:05 | 62° up | Up, 62% lit | About 4.9 an hour; a Moon 62% lit drowns the faint ones |
| 30°N | 18:56 | 53° up | Up, 62% lit | About 4.2 an hour; a Moon 62% lit drowns the faint ones |
| 15°N | 18:55 | 41° up | Up, 62% lit | About 3.2 an hour; a Moon 62% lit drowns the faint ones |
| 0° | 18:59 | 27° up | Up, 62% lit | About 2 an hour; a Moon 62% lit drowns the faint ones |
| 15°S | 19:19 | 11° up | Up, 62% lit | Hardly any: about 0.7 an hour at best |
| 30°S | — | — | Up, 64% lit | The radiant is below the horizon while it is dark |
| 45°S | — | — | Up, 64% lit | The radiant never rises |
Meteor shower The shower
- Zenithal hourly rate at the peak: 10. That is the count for one observer under a perfect sky with the radiant overhead; the table above is what the sky actually gives.
- Parent body: Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner.
- Meteors meet the air at 20 km/s.
- Population index 2.6: each magnitude fainter holds that many times more meteors, which is what moonlight and city light take away.
How we worked it out: the peak is the instant the Sun reaches solar longitude 195.4° (J2000), the shower’s maximum in the International Meteor Organization’s Meteor Shower Calendar, found from Meeus’s solar theory; maxima are broad and wander by hours from year to year. The Moon is Meeus’s lunar theory, the one the map draws, checked against the U.S. Naval Observatory. Each latitude is worked at Greenwich’s longitude for the night nearest the peak, sampled every 10 minutes, and the rate is the IMO’s ZHR turned back into what one observer counts: ZHR × sin(radiant altitude) × r(limiting magnitude − 6.5), with the limiting magnitude the map’s own for that sky and Moon.
- International Meteor Organization, Meteor Shower Calendar (J. Rendtel): each maximum’s solar longitude, ZHR, population index and radiant
- J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms, ch. 25 (the Sun) and ch. 47–48 (the Moon), as the map draws them
- U.S. Naval Observatory, Astronomical Applications: the Moon’s illuminated fraction, which the tests hold these to